Understanding GLP-1 Medications

What Is GLP-1?
GLP-1 stands for glucagon-like peptide-1, which is a naturally occurring hormone released
in the gut after eating. GLP-1 is classified as an incretin hormone because it helps regulate
blood sugar levels by stimulating insulin release when glucose levels rise. In addition to
influencing insulin secretion, GLP-1 also slows gastric emptying and helps increase feelings
of fullness and satiety.
GLP-1 receptor agonist medications are designed to mimic the effects of the natural GLP-1
hormone. These medications were initially developed to improve blood glucose control in
individuals with Type 2 diabetes. Researchers later discovered that many individuals also
experienced meaningful weight loss due to reduced appetite and lower caloric intake.

Common GLP-1 Medications
• Semaglutide: Common brand names include Ozempic® and Wegovy®.
• Tirzepatide: Common brand names include Mounjaro® and Zepbound®.
• Liraglutide: Previously marketed as Saxenda® and Victoza®.
• Dulaglutide: Marketed under the brand name Trulicity®.

Why Fitness Professionals Should Understand GLP-1 Medications
Although personal trainers do not prescribe or manage medications, understanding how
GLP-1 medications may affect exercise performance and recovery can help trainers safely
support clients.
• Clients may experience reduced appetite and lower caloric intake.
• Rapid weight loss may increase the risk of lean muscle mass loss.
• Some clients report fatigue, nausea, or lower energy levels.
• Hydration issues may occur due to gastrointestinal side effects.
• Exercise programming may require temporary modifications.
Common Side Effects
• Nausea: Common during the early stages of medication use or dosage increases.
• Vomiting: May contribute to dehydration and reduced exercise tolerance.
• Constipation: Can occur due to slower digestion.
• Fatigue: Some individuals report lower energy levels and slower recovery.
• Reduced appetite: Can make adequate protein and calorie intake more difficult.
• Dehydration: Reduced thirst and gastrointestinal symptoms may increase dehydration
risk